Construction has never stopped on the planet, and new methods are always used to build strong houses. Buildings are built as safe havens for human life and work, but throughout history, natural disasters such as wind and earthquakes have sometimes destroyed buildings, and high-strength buildings have since been built. Multi-story houses are being built these days, where many people live, and the time of construction of such buildings is also important. Modern construction has become very common today and many people are engaged in construction in this way. In this way, machines play a very important role along with experts, and it is impossible to do many things without machines. Cranes, hoists, welding machines and other devices help people in modern construction to build the best building.
Definition of building and its components
A type of structure that consists of foundations, columns, walls, floors, roofs, plumbing services, etc., is called a building. Hospitals, universities, shops, homes and factories are all types of buildings. Initial costs along with the stability of the building and its longevity are important issues in construction.
Types of buildings in the construction industry
In the construction industry, buildings are divided into four groups: very important buildings, high importance buildings, medium importance buildings and low importance buildings. Fire stations, hospitals, telecommunications, water supply facilities, radio and television are some of the most important buildings. Department stores, cinemas, and schools are in the building block because they can be fatally damaged. National document centers and similar buildings are also classified in this group due to the loss of national wealth. Hotels, multi-story car parks, industrial buildings, residential buildings, etc. are of medium importance. Buildings whose damage is relatively small due to their breakdown are in the group of low importance buildings.
Summary of the stages of construction of a modern building
In order to have a better and more complete understanding of the construction of a building, you must be aware of all its aspects. In this step, we will examine the construction stages of the new building.
The first step in building a home is finding the right land. The soil must be suitable for construction and in such a way that all the rules of construction can be implemented in it. To build a building, the building plan must be designed by an architect and engineer, and that plan must be approved by city officials, such as the municipality, so that there are no problems in the construction process. You need to make a list of design expectations before building a building; Of course, these expectations must be in line with legal standards. In this case, it is better to consult with people who have enough experience in this regard and review all the positive and negative aspects of your expectations and after confirming them, proceed to build. The estimated cost of building a building should be determined before proceeding. By doing this, loans can be used if needed and lack of budget. Many banks lend to build buildings.
After selecting the architect and determining the exact design plan of the house, you can also use modern construction for construction. Due to the fact that the building permit is issued by local institutions, it must be approved by them, and the construction permit is often valid for two years. In modern construction, contractors play the most important role. Choosing a good contractor can save you time and money and make a quality project. The degree of honesty of the contractor and the way he works in this work is important, which can be obtained by asking about his work records. To start a construction project, the construction site must first be cleared. After clearing the construction site, excavation and digging of the foundation is done in order to implement the structural plan of the building foundation. The foundation is responsible for transferring the weight of the entire structure to the ground.
Construction with beginner fans
One of the oldest methods of construction that has been used by humans for thousands of years and is still used in some villages these days is construction with basic techniques. In this method, the walls and load-bearing parts are made of mud, clay, wood, mud and stone, mud and plaster, clay and brick, etc. and are covered with brick arches or wooden beams or plant fibers. You do not have to be a skilled builder to build such walls and you can use the available traditional materials. This type of construction has very little resistance to natural disasters and can be used as a temporary shelter.
Construction by traditional methods
In this method, the constructor can be skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled, and basic building materials can be used. The speed of construction using this method is about 14 to 18 hours per square meter. This method of construction is used in large and small cities or some special buildings and villages. The permit issued for this type of construction is only four floors with a height of 12 meters. The thickness of the basement walls is increased in this way. This is one of the factors that does not allow the construction of buildings with more than 4 floors. Earthquake damage and other natural causes can be reduced by creating horizontal and vertical concrete features.
Construction by industrial methods
This method of construction is done completely mechanically and using prefabricated parts such as metal and concrete columns, blocks, gypsum and concrete parts, beams, prefabricated panels, etc. In industrial construction in different seasons for integrated concreting of buildings, integrated metal formwork such as sliding tunnel plate formwork and modulated formwork are used. In this method of construction, it is not necessary to use a large number of workers, but it should be noted that the quality of work of workers in this method should be very high. The average speed of industrial construction work is between 9 to 14 hours per square meter.
Advanced construction
This method uses construction by specialized people and advanced construction machinery and equipment to speed up, which is also known as modern or improved construction. The estimated time to build a square meter using this method is 20 to 48 hours. More than 50 floors of the building can be designed and executed using concrete or metal frames. The equipment used in this type of construction method includes electric elevators, concrete preparation machines, cement sprayers and paint sprayers, various types of fixed, mobile cranes, etc. One of the negative features of this type of construction is the stoppage of work due to labor or financial issues, which sometimes cause the project to become unprofitable. Most constructions that are formed in metropolitan cities and small towns are done using this method. It should be noted that this method uses workers, specialists and advanced equipment.
Principles of modern construction
Recently, with the advancement of technology, buildings and structures have also made significant progress, and these days, the construction of a structure is easier than before. Also, construction time and cost have been greatly reduced, and very large buildings can be built in a short period of time.
Construction with prefabricated models
Designing prefabricated models with flat panels is also one of the construction methods that are usually available in wall and floor models in the market and are made in the main place. This type of construction is also known as cross wall construction. Features of this type of construction include easy construction, high speed and cost-effectiveness.
Construction with tunnel formwork system
Another method of modern construction is the tunnel-shaped mold system, which uses this method to make cells with repetitive patterns that are distinguished from each other by walls or integrated units. In this method, the foundations can be made using precast concrete units that are produced in factories, which have a very high quality and strength. In the tunneling method, the work can be carried out even in unfavorable weather conditions. This method minimizes the amount of drilling activity, which is why it has been considered by many people.
Construction with composite concrete
Composite concrete is another method of modern construction that can be used to increase the delivery time of construction. Also, the quality of this method is very high and the manufacturing cost is greatly reduced. The method of making composite concrete is an easy and suitable method for competitive structures. Thin building materials can be used in the construction of various structures, which is also considered as one of the modern construction methods, because it reduces the consumption of mortar and thus reduces the depth of the structure to less than 3 mm. If large blocks are used in constructions, the efficiency of construction will increase and in addition, construction costs will be significantly reduced.
Construction with concrete insulation
The use of concrete insulation is another method of modern construction in which polystyrene blocks are used for construction. In this method, the walls have a high level of sound and heat insulation that prevents any errors and breakages.
Conclusion
Today, with the advancement of science and technology, construction is done in the best possible way and the necessary standards are observed by modern construction. It is impossible to build high-rise buildings without machinery, and for this reason mechanical engineers also help to transport or mix equipment by producing devices.
